Shortly Ischemic Attack (transient ischemic Attacks, TIA) is a disorder of brain function that is the result of reduced blood flow to the brain for a while.
TIA is more common in middle age and the risk increases with age.
TIA sometimes occurs in children or young adults who have heart disease or blood disorders.
Shortly Ischemic Attack
CAUSE
Small pieces of calcium and fatty deposits on the walls of blood vessels ( atheroma ) can be separated , the flow of blood and clog small blood vessels leading to the brain , thus temporarily block blood flow to the brain and cause a TIA .
TIA increases the risk of :
- High blood pressure
- atherosclerosis
- Heart disease ( especially on the valve or heart rhythm disorders )
- diabetes
- The excess of red blood cells ( polycythemia ) .
SYMPTOMS
TIA occurs suddenly and usually lasts 2-30 minutes , rarely get more than 1-2 hours .
Symptoms depend on which part of the brain that undergo blood kekuranan :
- If the arteries originating from the carotid artery , the most common is blindness in one eye or taste disorder and weakness
- If the arteries originating from the vertebral artery , usually occurring dizziness , double vision and overall weakness .
Other symptoms commonly found are :
- Loss of taste or abnormal sensation in the arm or leg or one side of the body
- Weakness or paralysis of an arm or leg or one side of the body
- Partial loss of vision or hearing
- Double vision
- Dizziness
- Slurred speech
- It's hard to think or say the right words
- Not being able to recognize parts of the body
- Unusual Movement
- Loss of control over bladder
- Imbalance and falls
- Fainting .
The same symptoms will be found on the stroke , but TIA symptoms in these temporary and reversible . But TIA tend to recur ; patients may experience several attacks in one day or just 2-3 times in a few years .
Approximately one-third of cases of stroke and TIA end up being roughly half of these strokes occurred within 1 year after TIA .
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is based on symptoms.
Because of the brain damage does not occur , then the diagnosis can not be established with the help of CT scan or MRI .
Used several techniques to assess the possibility of a blockage in one or both carotid arteries .
Unusual blood flow causes the sound ( bruit ) are heard through a stethoscope .
Do skening ultrasound and Doppler techniques simultaneously to determine the size of the blockage and the amount of blood that can flow around it .
Cerebral angiography was performed to determine the size and location of the blockage .
To assess the carotid arteries is usually performed MRI examination or angiography , whereas to assess vertebral artery ultrasonic examination and Doppler techniques .
A blockage in the vertebral artery can not be removed because of surgery is more difficult when compared to surgery on the carotid artery .
TREATMENT
The goal of treatment is to prevent stroke .
The main risk factors for stroke are high blood pressure , high cholesterol , smoking and diabetes ; Therefore the first step is to improve the risk factors .
Medications administered to reduce the tendency of blood clot formation , which is a major cause of stroke .
One of the most effective drugs is aspirin .
Sometimes given dipyridamole , but the drug is only effective for a small portion of patients .
For who are allergic to aspirin , ticlopidine can be replaced with .
If needed stronger medication may be given anticoagulants ( eg heparin or warfarin ) .
The extent of blockage in the carotid arteries assist in determining treatment .
If more than 70 % blocked blood vessels and patients have symptoms that mimic a stroke over the last 6 months , it is necessary to surgery to prevent a stroke .
Small blockage removed only if it has led to a further TIA or stroke .
In enarterektomi surgery, fatty deposits (atheroma) in the arteries discarded.
This surgery has the risk of stroke by 2%.
In a small blockage that does not cause symptoms should not do surgery, because the risk of surgery appears to be larger.
