Tourette syndrome is common , affecting 1 in 100 people . It is 3 times more common in men than women . That often begins in early childhood . In most people , the symptoms are mild in which the disorder is not recognized .
Tourette syndrome is a disease in which motor tic and vocalist occur several times a day and has been going on for at least 1 year .
Tic is beyond consciousness movement that occurs repeatedly .
Tourette syndrome often begins with tic simplex in childhood , in the form of unwanted muscle twitching and without purpose , which occur repeatedly .
Furthermore tic simplex develops into a complex movement , including respiratory paralysis tic vocalist and sudden . Tic voklis sounds as grunting or barking sound .
CAUSE
Tourette syndrome is a hereditary disease that is 3 times more common in men .
The exact cause is unknown , but is thought to be an abnormality in brain dopamine or other neurotransmitters .
SYMPTOMS
Tourette's syndrome often begins with simple muscle tics , such as grimacing , head jerking and blinking. Simple tics may just restless and may disappear with time . Some tics are not required to cause Tourette syndrome , which involves more than simple tics . For example , people with Tourette syndrome can move their head repeatedly from side to side , blink their eyes , open their mouths and stretch their necks .
Did you know
* Tourette's syndrome can be very light that can not be recognized
* Most people with Tourette's syndrome are not randomly cause chaos .
The disorder can develop into complex tics , including vocal tics , hitting , kicking , and jerky breath sudden , irregular . Vocal tics can be prefixed with snoring , snorting, humming , or yell loudly and become compulsive , involuntarily condemn . For reasons that are not clear and often in mid- conversation , some people with Tourette's syndrome can shout obscenities or words feces (called coprolalia ) . Explosive sound is sometimes mistakenly thought to be intentional , especially in children . Although coprolalia is characteristic of the best known of Tourette's syndrome , at least 85 % of people with Tourette's syndrome do not have coprolalia . People can also immediately repeat the word after hearing it ( called echolalia / talkative ) .
People with Tourette's syndrome often have difficulty functioning and experiencing considerable anxiety in a social environment . Previously , they were shunned , ostracized , or even considered a demon. Impulsive, aggressive , and self-destructive behaviors develop in many people , and obsessive-compulsive behavior develops in about half . Children with Tourette's syndrome often have difficulty learning . Most also have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder . Is Tourette's syndrome itself or unusual stress on living with the disorder causes problems is not clear .
A person with children can move his head repeatedly from left to right or vice versa , blinked , opened his mouth or stretching her neck .
More complex tics can include punching and kicking , sniffing , moaning and buzzing .
Patients could say rude words in the middle of a conversation , for no apparent reason .
Patients can also rapidly repeating words heard ( ekolalia ) .
Patients often have difficulty in socializing .
In the past they were exiled , isolated or even suspected as a demon offspring .
Many people who become impulsive , aggressive and behave want to destroy itself ; children often have difficulty in learning .
Diagnosis
The diagnosis is made if :
- There have been multiple motor tics or tic one or more vocalists
- Tic / tics occur many times a day , nearly every day or day interval , for more than 1 year . Within 1 year , symptom -free period should not be more than 3 months .
- Occurs before the age of 18 years .
TREATMENT
If symptoms are mild , the drugs may not be required .
Tics is simple : Doctors often first try clonidine or guanfacine . Clonidine , a drug used to treat high blood pressure , sometimes helps and is particularly useful in controlling anxiety and obsessive-compulsive behavior . Benzodiazepines , such as clonazepam and diazepam , can help . These drugs are mild sedatives taken by mouth .
Severe symptoms : Antipsychotic drugs may be used to help suppress tics , though not the cause of the psychosis . The lowest dose necessary to make the tics can receive the drugs used , and the dose was reduced as the tics decreases . Haloperidol , an antipsychotic drug that is most commonly used , is effective but has more side effects than other antipsychotic drugs , such as olanzapine , pimozide , and risperidone .
Side effects of antipsychotics may include symptoms similar to Parkinson's disease ( parkinsonism ) , restlessness , muscle stiffness , involuntary muscle contractions continuous ( dystonias ) , weight gain , blurred vision , could not sleep , and tired , slow thinking . Tardive dyskinesia , which consists of involuntary movements over and over again , may develop and persist even after the drug is discontinued . Can not control , arms and legs ache, protruding tongue , and lips pleated , wrinkled , and taste . Rare but serious side effects called neuroleptic malignant syndrome consisting of high fever , high blood pressure , muscle damage , and coma .
Injecting botulinum toxin into the muscles that make the tics can reduce abnormal movements such as impulse that preceded them . Botulinum , the bacterium that causes botulism toxin , is used to paralyze the muscles ( and to improve wrinkles ) .
Deep brain stimulation is considered an experimental treatment for Tourette 's syndrome , but is sometimes performed in a specialized center when the disorder is severe and medication has been ineffective . Electrodes are placed on the parts of the brain thought to be involved in tics .
